Qpid client provides PooledConnectionFactory which is a special implementation of ConnectionFactory supporting Connection pooling. The PooledConnectionFactory caches a predefined number of connections thus saving an application which connects frequently time. The Connection instance is taken from the pool whenever method PooledConnectionFactory#createConnection() is invoked and returned into the pool when method Connection#close() is called. A user can configure a maximum allowed number of connections to remain in pool (10 by default) by calling PooledConnectionFactory#setMaxPoolSize(int). When number of connections exceeds the value set for maximum pool size, PooledConnectionFactory starts to work as a normal ConnectionFactory and creates a new connection every time method PooledConnectionFactory#createConnection() is invoked. The Connection URL is set by invoking method PooledConnectionFactory#setConnectionURLString(String). A user can specify the maximum time a connection may remain idle in pool by calling PooledConnectionFactory#setConnectionTimeout(long) passing a value in milliseconds. If connection is not used within the specified interval it is closed automatically. This implementation can be useful in Spring JMS based applications. An example below demonstrates how to configure PooledConnectionFactory in the Spring xml configuration. <bean id="pooledConnectionFactory" class="org.apache.qpid.client.PooledConnectionFactory"> <!-- set maximum number of pool connections to 20--> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="20"></property> <!-- set the timeout for connection to remain open in pool without being used --> <property name="connectionTimeout" value="60000"></property> <!-- set connection URL as String --> <property name="connectionURLString" value="amqp://guest:guest@clientid/default?brokerlist='tcp://localhost:5672?retries='300'&failover='nofailover''&maxprefetch='0'"></property> </bean> PooledConnectionFactory spring bean can be configured with such spring-jms beans like DefaultMessageListenerContainer and JmsTemplate. The example below demonstrates how to do that <bean id="jmsProducerTemplate" class="org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate"> <!-- set reference to pooledConnectionFactory bean --> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="pooledConnectionFactory"></property> <property name="defaultDestination" ref="destination" /> </bean> <bean id="jmsContainer" class="org.springframework.jms.listener.DefaultMessageListenerContainer"> <!-- set reference to pooledConnectionFactory bean --> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="pooledConnectionFactory"/> <property name="destination" ref="destination"/> <property name="messageListener" ref="messageListener" /> </bean> If using DefaultMessageListenerContainer with cacheLevel set to NONE it is important that maxConcurrentConsumer does not exceed the value of maximum pool size set on PooledConnectionFactory bean. If this is not the case, once the number of in-use connections reaches the the PooledConnectionFactory#maxPoolSize a new connection will be opened for each and every message receipt i.e. a connection per message anti-pattern.