All implementations of Host support the following attributes:

The standard implementation of Host is org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost. It supports the following additional attributes (in addition to the common attributes listed above):

A host is associated with the org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[enginename].[hostname] log category. Note that the brackets are actuall part of the name, don't omit them.

When you run a web server, one of the output files normally generated is an access log, which generates one line of information for each request processed by the server, in a standard format. Catalina includes an optional Valve implementation that can create access logs in the same standard format created by web servers, or in any number of custom formats.

You can ask Catalina to create an access log for all requests processed by an Engine, Host, or Context by nesting a Valve element like this:

See Access Log Valve for more information on the configuration attributes that are supported.

If you are using the standard Host implementation, the following actions take place automatically when Catalina is first started, if the deployOnStartup property is set to true (which is the default value):

• Any XML file in the $CATALINA_HOME/conf/[engine_name]/[host_name] directory is assumed to contain a Context element (and its associated subelements) for a single web application. The docBase attribute of this <Context> element will typically be the absolute pathname to a web application directory, or the absolute pathname of a web application archive (WAR) file (which will not be expanded). The path attribute will be automatically set as defined in the Context documentation.
• Any web application archive file within the application base (appBase) directory that does not have a corresponding directory of the same name (without the ".war" extension) will be automatically expanded, unless the unpackWARs property is set to false. If you redeploy an updated WAR file, be sure to delete the expanded directory when restarting Tomcat, so that the updated WAR file will be re-expanded (note that the auto deployer, if enabled, will automatically expand the updated WAR file once the previously expanded directory is removed).
• Any subdirectory within the application base directory will receive an automatically generated Context element, even if this directory is not mentioned in the conf/server.xml file. This generated Context entry will be configured according to the properties set in any DefaultContext element nested in this Host element. The context path for this deployed Context will be a slash character ("/") followed by the directory name, unless the directory name is ROOT, in which case the context path will be an empty string ("").

In addition to the automatic deployment that occurs at startup time, you can also request that new XML configuration files, WAR files, or subdirectories that are dropped in to the appBase (or $CATALINA_HOME/conf/[engine_name]/[host_name] in the case of an XML configuration file) directory while Tomcat is running will be automatically deployed, according to the rules described above. The auto deployer will also track web applications for the following changes:

• An update to the WEB-INF/web.xml file will trigger a reload of the web application
• An update to a WAR which has been expanded will trigger an undeploy (with a removal of the expanded webapp), followed by a deployment
• An update to a XML configuration file will trigger an undeploy (without the removal of any expanded directory), followed by a deployment of the associated web application

When using automatic deployment, the docBase defined by an XML Context file should be outside of the appBase directory. If this is not the case difficulties may be experienced deploying the web application or the application may be deployed twice.

Finally, note that if you are defining contexts explicitly, you should probably turn off automatic application deployment. Otherwise, your context will be deployed twice each, and that may cause problems for your app.

In many server environments, Network Administrators have configured more than one network name (in the Domain Name Service (DNS) server), that resolve to the IP address of the same server. Normally, each such network name would be configured as a separate Host element in conf/server.xml, each with its own set of web applications.

However, in some circumstances, it is desireable that two or more network names should resolve to the same virtual host, running the same set of applications. A common use case for this scenario is a corporate web site, where it is desireable that users be able to utilize either www.mycompany.com or company.com to access exactly the same content and applications.

This is accomplished by utilizing one or more Alias elements nested inside your Host element. For example:

In order for this strategy to be effective, all of the network names involved must be registered in your DNS server to resolve to the same computer that is running this instance of Catalina.

If you have implemented a Java object that needs to know when this Host is started or stopped, you can declare it by nesting a Listener element inside this element. The class name you specify must implement the org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener interface, and it will be notified about the occurrence of the coresponding lifecycle events. Configuration of such a listener looks like this:

Note that a Listener can have any number of additional properties that may be configured from this element. Attribute names are matched to corresponding JavaBean property names using the standard property method naming patterns.

You can ask Catalina to check the IP address, or host name, on every incoming request directed to the surrounding Engine, Host, or Context element. The remote address or name will be checked against a configured list of "accept" and/or "deny" filters, which are defined using the Regular Expression syntax supported by the Jakarta Regexp regular expression library. Requests that come from locations that are not accepted will be rejected with an HTTP "Forbidden" error. Example filter declarations:

See Remote Address Filter and Remote Host Filter for more information about the configuration options that are supported.

In many environments, but particularly in portal environments, it is desireable to have a user challenged to authenticate themselves only once over a set of web applications deployed on a particular virtual host. This can be accomplished by nesting an element like this inside the Host element for this virtual host:

The Single Sign On facility operates according to the following rules:

• All web applications configured for this virtual host must share the same Realm. In practice, that means you can nest the Realm element inside this Host element (or the surrounding Engine element), but not inside a Context element for one of the involved web applications.
• As long as the user accesses only unprotected resources in any of the web applications on this virtual host, they will not be challenged to authenticate themselves.
• As soon as the user accesses a protected resource in any web application associated with this virtual host, the user will be challenged to authenticate himself or herself, using the login method defined for the web application currently being accessed.
• Once authenticated, the roles associated with this user will be utilized for access control decisions across all of the associated web applications, without challenging the user to authenticate themselves to each application individually.
• As soon as the user logs out of one web application (for example, by invalidating the corresponding session if form based login is used), the user's sessions in all web applications will be invalidated. Any subsequent attempt to access a protected resource in any application will require the user to authenticate himself or herself again.
• The Single Sign On feature utilizes HTTP cookies to transmit a token that associates each request with the saved user identity, so it can only be utilized in client environments that support cookies.

Many web servers can automatically map a request URI starting with a tilde character ("~") and a username to a directory (commonly named public_html) in that user's home directory on the server. You can accomplish the same thing in Catalina by using a special Listener element like this (on a Unix system that uses the /etc/passwd file to identify valid users):

On a server where /etc/passwd is not in use, you can request Catalina to consider all directories found in a specified base directory (such as c:\Homes in this example) to be considered "user home" directories for the purposes of this directive:

If a user home directory has been set up for a user named craigmcc, then its contents will be visible from a client browser by making a request to a URL like:

Successful use of this feature requires recognition of the following considerations:

• Each user web application will be deployed with characteristics established by any DefaultContext element you have configured for this Host.
• It is legal to include more than one instance of this Listener element. This would only be useful, however, in circumstances where you wanted to configure more than one "homeBase" directory.
• The operating system username under which Catalina is executed MUST have read access to each user's web application directory, and all of its contents.