x.valueOf() x.valueOf.call(undefined) TypeError: Object.prototype.valueOf: 'this' is null or undefined x.valueOf.call(null) TypeError: Object.prototype.valueOf: 'this' is null or undefined x.valueOf.call() TypeError: Object.prototype.valueOf: 'this' is null or undefined typeof x.valueOf.call(true) object typeof x.valueOf.call(42) object typeof x.valueOf.call('Hello') object